Is energy density associated with weight loss and weight maintenance in adults? Conclusion. Strong and consistent evidence indicates that dietary patterns that are relatively low in energy density improve weight loss and weight maintenance among adults. Grade Strong. . Evidence Summary Overview. Energy Density and Weight Loss. Four randomized controlled weight loss trials (RCT) found that lowering food- based energy density is linked with significantly higher weight loss (De Oliveira, 2. Ello Martin, 2. 00. Rolls, 2. 00. 5; Saquib, 2. In these RCTs, the average weight loss resulting from lower dietary energy density ranged from 0. Dietary energy density was reduced by either increasing fruit or vegetable intake (De Oliveira, 2. Ello Martin, 2. 00. Saquib, 2. 00. 8) or soup consumption (Rolls, 2. Bes- Rastrollo et al, (2. Ledikwe et al, (2. Savage et al, (2. Greene et al, (2. Evidence Summary Paragraphs. Energy Density and Weight Loss. Randomized Controlled Trials (4)De Oliveira et al, 2. RCT in Brazil to assess the effect of caloric density on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and mid- arm circumference. All subjects were instructed to have a standardized hypo- caloric diet containing 5. Also, subjects were provided with one of three snacks with different energy densities in a random manner: Three apples (0. Energy density was calculated using food and beverage intake. The final sample included 3. BMI=3. 2kg/m. 2). Results showed that energy density decreased significantly among women consuming apples (- 1. P=0. 0. 4) and pears (- 1. P=0. 0. 5) compared to those consuming oat cookies. Also, energy intake decreased significantly among women consuming apples (- 2. P< 0. 0. 01) and pears (- 2. P< 0. 0. 1), while women consuming the oat cookies did not reduce energy intake. After 1. 0 weeks, fruit- group consumers decreased their body weight (- 0. P=0. 0. 00. 1 for the apple group and - 0. P=0. 0. 00. 4 for the pear group) compared to the group with oat cookies added to the diet, after adjusting for age and type of treatment. The oat group had a non- significant increase in body weight (+0. P=0. 3. 5). The authors concluded that reducing dietary energy density by consuming fruit can reduce energy intake and body weight. Ello Martin et al, 2. RCT in the United States to investigate the effects of reducing dietary energy density on weight loss. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: One group was advised to reduce fat intake (RF), and the other group was advised to increase consumption of water- rich foods (fruits and vegetables) along with a reduction in fat intake (RF and FV). Energy density was calculated on the basis of food intake alone, with beverages excluded. The final sample included 7. After one year, study completers in both groups had significant decreases in body weight (P< 0. Subjects in the RF and FV group had a significantly different weight loss (P=0. RF group, as the RF and FV group lost 7. Diet records indicated that both groups had similar reductions in fat intake, while the RF and FV group had a lower dietary energy density than did the RF group (P=0. P=0. 0. 25), especially fruit and vegetables (P=0. The authors concluded that reducing dietary energy density, particularly by combining increased fruit and vegetable intakes with decreased fat intake, is an effective strategy for managing body weight. Rolls et al, 2. 00. RCT in the United States to test the weight loss effects of energy- restricted diets that varied in energy density. All subjects were instructed to follow an energy- reduced diet. Subjects were then randomized to consume daily either one or two servings of low energy- dense soup, two servings of high energy- dense snack foods or no special food (control group). Energy density was calculated based on food intake alone, with beverages excluded. The final sample included 1. All groups showed significant weight loss at six months that was maintained at 1. At one year, weight loss in the control group (8. Weight loss was significantly correlated with dietary energy density decrease from baseline at one and two months (P=0. The authors concluded that regularly consuming foods that are low in energy density can be an effective weight management strategy. Saquib et al, 2. 00. RCT in the United States to evaluate the association between change in energy density and change in weight. Subjects were female breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study, who were followed for a four- year period. Women were randomized to an intervention or control group; those in the intervention group were instructed through telephone counseling, monthly cooking classes and newsletters to follow a dietary pattern with at least five vegetable servings, 1. USDA and the National Cancer Institute and a bimonthly newsletter. Energy density was calculated on the basis of food intake along, with beverages excluded. The finale sample included 2,1. Intervention participants significantly reduced dietary energy density compared to controls (P< 0. At one year, the intervention group lost weight (0. P< 0. 0. 00. 1) and the control group gained weight (0. The authors concluded that reducing energy density did not result in reduced total energy intake, and that reducing energy density alone may not be sufficient for weight management. Energy Density and Weight Maintenance. Cohort Studies (4)Bes- Rastrollo et al, 2. United States to assess the long- term relationship between change in dietary energy density and change in weight. Subjects were participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II, and were followed from 1. Dietary intake was evaluated using a self- administered semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (1. Caloric and non- caloric beverages were included in a secondary analysis. The final sample included 5. Women who had the greatest increases in dietary energy density during follow- up (fifth quintile) gained significantly more weight than those who decreases their dietary energy density (first quintile) (6. P for trend< 0. The authors concluded that increasing dietary energy density was associated with greater weight gain among middle- aged women over an eight- year period. Greene et al, 2. 00. United States to determine weight outcomes and associated dietary intake patterns for a sample of participants from the Eat. Right Weight Management Program. The Eat. Right program emphasized low- energy density and high- complex carbohydrate foods and during the active weight loss phase, participants lost an average of 4. Energy density was calculated based on food intake alone and beverages were excluded. Subjects were followed for a mean of 2. The final sample included 7. During the follow- up period, average weight change was +0. Unadjusted mean energy intake for maintainers was 1,6. Despite eating fewer calories than gainers (a difference of 2. P=0. 0. 58), maintainers ate a similar amount of food, resulting in a lower energy- density pattern (P=0. These results indicate that low- energy- density eating habits are associated with long- term weight maintenance. However, following initial weight loss (6 mos) and 1 yr maintenance (18 mos), significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) benefits were seen in the MR group in BMI%ile (0 mos=98.8Clausing Kondia 3 Axis CNC Mill - 11' x 58' Model Kondia, S# AC-963, Mfg. 2004, 11' x 58' Table, Variable spindle speeds from 60 to 4,000 rpm, Spindle takes. Clausing Kondia 3 Axis CNC Mill - 11' x 58' Model Kondia, S. Weight Loss for Men - HCG Diet, Day 1 - My First HCG Injection!! Michael Justin Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 16 16 Loading. Add to Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video Report. Home Weight Loss Weight Loss Medications & Supplements Weight Loss Medications & Supplements We all know that a healthy diet and regular exercise are essential to weight loss, but many people need additional support. Lose weight articles Mental health articles Pain articles Sexual health articles Sleep articles Stop smoking articles Tiredness articles Health check tools All Live Well topics Care and support Your essential guide to social care. Ledikwe et al, 2. RCT conducted in the United States to examine the relationship between six- month energy density changes and changes in anthropometric, dietary and health- related measures in subjects from the PREMIER trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Established (N=2. Established plus DASH (N=2. Advice group (N=2. Each group had significant declines in energy intake, dietary energy density and body weight (all P< 0. Dietary energy density was calculated based on the basis of food intake along, with beverages excluded. Weight loss for all participants at six months was significantly correlated with lower food energy density (r=0. P< 0. 0. 01). When groups were combined and analyzed by dietary energy density change tertiles, participants in the highest tertile of dietary energy density reduction lost more weight (5. The authors concluded that large and modest reduction in dietary energy density were associated with weight loss. Savage, 2. 00. 8b (positive quality) analyzed prospective cohort study data from the United States to examine the relationship between energy density and weight change over six years among free- living women. Data were collected on four occasions over a six- year period, with collection occurring at two- year intervals. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary intake data was collected using 2. The final sample included 1. Energy density was positively associated with weight gain and higher BMI. Women consuming higher energy- dense diets gained an average of 6. P< 0. 0. 1). The authors concluded that consuming a lower energy- dense diet moderates weight gain and may promote weight maintenance..
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